Writing+Standards

[|AZ Writing Standards] Arizona State Standards for Writing  Research has established the major steps of the writing process. These steps are identified in the five concepts of this strand, each supported with specific performance objectives. While all steps are needed and used by effective writers as they compose text, different skills may be emphasized in individual assignments. These steps may be used recursively as a piece moves toward completion. Throughout the process, students should reflect on their own writing skills, set goals, and evaluate their own progress.
 * Strand** **1: Writing Process**

Prewriting includes using strategies to generate, plan, and organize ideas for specific purposes. || || || || || || || || Drafting incorporates prewriting activities to create a first draft containing necessary elements for a specific purpose. || || ||
 * ** Concept 1: Prewriting **
 * // PO //// 1. Generate ideas through a variety of activities (e.g., **prior knowledge**, discussion with others, printed material or other sources). //
 * // PO //// 2. Determine the purpose (e.g., to entertain, to inform, to communicate, to persuade, to explain) of an intended writing piece. //
 * // PO //// 3. Determine the intended audience of a writing piece. //
 * PO 4. Establish a central idea appropriate to the type of writing.
 * // PO //// 5. Use organizational strategies (e.g., outline, chart, table, graph, **Venn Diagram**, **web**, **story map**, **plot pyramid**) to plan writing. //
 * // PO //// 6. Maintain a record (e.g., lists, journal, folder, notebook) of writing ideas. //
 * // PO //// 7. Use **time management strategies**, when appropriate, to produce a writing product within a set time period. //
 * ** Concept 2: Drafting **
 * // PO //// 1. Use a **prewriting plan** to develop a draft with **main idea**(s) and supporting details. //
 * // PO //// 2. Organize writing into a logical sequence that is clear to the audience. //

Revising includes evaluating and refining the rough draft for clarity and effectiveness. (Ask: Does this draft say what you want it to say?) || (See Strand 2) || || || || || || Editing includes proofreading and correcting the draft for conventions. || || || || || Publishing includes formatting and presenting a final product for the intended audience. || || || Strand 2: Writing Components ** This strand focuses on the elements of effective writing. Good writing instruction incorporates multiple performance objectives into an integrated experience of learning for the student. Throughout the process, students should reflect on their own writing skills, set goals, and evaluate their own progress. The order of the concepts and performance objectives is not intended to indicate a progression or hierarchy for writing instruction. Instructional activities may focus on just one concept or many.
 * ** Concept 3: Revising **
 * // PO //// 1. Evaluate the draft for use of ideas and content, organization, voice, word choice, and sentence fluency. //
 * // PO //// 2. Add details to the draft to more effectively accomplish the purpose. //
 * PO 3. Delete irrelevant and/or redundant information from the draft to more effectively accomplish the purpose. ||
 * PO 4. Rearrange words, sentences, and paragraphs to clarify the meaning or to enhance the writing style.
 * PO 5. Add **transitional words**, phrases and/or sentences to clarify meaning or enhance the writing style . ||
 * PO 6. Use a variety of sentence structures (i.e., **simple**, **compound** ) to improve sentence fluency in the draft.
 * PO 7.// Apply appropriate tools or strategies (e.g., **peer review**, checklists, **rubrics**) to refine the draft.//
 * // PO //// 8. Use resources and reference materials to select more precise vocabulary. //
 * ** Concept 4: Editing **
 * // PO //// 1. Identify punctuation, spelling, and grammar and usage errors in the draft. // (See Strand 2)
 * // PO //// 2. Use resources (e.g., dictionary, word lists, spelling/grammar checkers) to correct conventions. //
 * // PO //// 3. Apply **proofreading marks** to indicate errors in conventions. //
 * // PO //// 4. Apply appropriate tools or strategies (e.g., **peer review**, checklists, **rubrics**) to edit the draft. //
 * ** Concept 5: Publishing **
 * // PO //// 1. Prepare writing in a format (e.g., oral presentation, manuscript, multimedia) appropriate to audience and purpose. //
 * PO 2. Use margins and spacing to enhance the final product. ||
 * PO 3. Use graphics (e.g., drawings, charts, graphs), when applicable, to enhance the final product. ||
 * // PO //// 4. Write legibly. //
 * 

Writing is clear and focused, holding the reader’s attention throughout. Main ideas stand out and are developed by strong support and rich details. Purpose is accomplished. || || Organization addresses the structure of the writing and integrates the central meaning and patterns that hold the piece together. || (See Strand 3) || || ||
 * ** Concept 1: Ideas and Content **
 * PO 1. Use clear, focused ideas and details to support the topic. ||
 * // PO //// 2. Provide content and selected details that are well suited to audience and purpose. //
 * PO 3. Develop a sufficient explanation or exploration of the topic. ||
 * PO 4. Include ideas and details that show original perspective. ||
 * ** Concept 2: Organization **
 * // PO //// 1. Use a structure that fits the type of writing (e.g., letter format, **narrative**, play, essay). //
 * PO 2. Develop a strong beginning or introduction that draws in the reader. ||
 * // PO //// 3. Place details appropriately to support the main idea. //
 * PO 4. Include effective transitions among all elements (sentences, paragraphs, ideas). ||
 * PO 5. Construct paragraphs by arranging sentences with an organizing principle (e.g., to develop a topic, to indicate a chronology)**//.//** ||
 * // PO //// 6. Create an ending that provides a sense of **resolution** or closure. //

Voice will vary according to the type of writing, but should be appropriately formal or casual, distant or personal, depending on the audience and purpose. || || || Word choice reflects the writer’s use of specific words and phrases to convey the intended message and employs a variety of words that are functional and appropriate to the audience and purpose. || (See R06-S2C1)  ||
 * ** Concept 3: Voice **
 * // PO //// 1. Show awareness of the audience through word choice and style. //
 * // PO //// 2. Convey a sense of identity through originality, sincerity, liveliness, or humor appropriate to the topic and type of writing. //
 * // PO //// 3. // //Use language appropriate for the topic and purpose.// ||
 * PO 4. Choose appropriate voice (e.g., formal, informal) for the audience and purpose. ||
 * ** Concept 4: Word Choice **
 * PO 1. Use accurate, specific, powerful words that effectively convey the intended message. ||
 * PO 2. Use words and phrases that consistently support style and type or writing.
 * PO 3. Use vocabulary that is original, varied, and natural. ||
 * == PO 4. Use literal and figurative language where appropriate to purpose. ==

|| Fluency addresses the rhythm and flow of language. Sentences are strong and varied in structure and length. || || ||
 * ** Concept 5: Sentence Fluency **
 * PO 1. Write **simple and compound sentences**. ||
 * // PO //// 2. Write sentences that flow together and sound natural when read aloud. //
 * // PO //// 3. Vary sentence beginnings, lengths, and patterns to enhance the flow of the writing. //
 * // PO //// 4 // . //Use effective and natural **dialogue** when appropriate.// ||

//a. //// nouns // //b. //// action/linking verbs // //c. //// personal pronouns // //d. //// adjectives // //e. //// adverbs // //f. //// conjunctions // g. prepositions //h. // interjections || || Writing skills particular to the applications listed here may be taught across the curriculum, although some applications may lend themselves more readily to specific content areas. It is imperative that students write in all content areas in order to increase their communication skills, and ultimately to improve their understanding of content area concepts. When appropriate, other content standards are referenced to show interdisciplinary connections Expressive writing includes ** personal narratives **, stories, poetry, songs, and dramatic pieces. Writing may be based on real or imagined events. || a. an engaging **plot** based on imagined or real ideas, observations, or memories of an event or experience b. effectively developed characters c. a clearly described **setting** d. ** dialogue **, as appropriate <span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial; msofareastfontfamily: Arial; msolist: Ignore; msobidifontsize: 12.0pt;">e. ** figurative language, ** or descriptive words and phrases to enhance style and **tone** || <span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial; msofareastfontfamily: Arial; msolist: Ignore; msobidifontsize: 12.0pt; msobidifontweight: bold; msobidifontstyle: italic;">a. **<span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-style: italic;">figurative language ** <span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial; msofareastfontfamily: Arial; msolist: Ignore; msobidifontsize: 12.0pt; msobidifontweight: bold; msobidifontstyle: italic;">b. **<span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-style: italic;">rhythm ** <span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial; msofareastfontfamily: Arial; msolist: Ignore; msobidifontsize: 12.0pt; msobidifontstyle: italic;">c. **<span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-style: italic;">dialogue ** <span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial; msofareastfontfamily: Arial; msolist: Ignore; msobidifontsize: 12.0pt; msobidifontweight: bold; msobidifontstyle: italic;">d. **<span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-style: italic;">characterization ** <span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial; msofareastfontfamily: Arial; msolist: Ignore; msobidifontsize: 12.0pt; msobidifontstyle: italic;">e. **<span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-style: italic;">plot **<span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-style: italic;"> <span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial; msofareastfontfamily: Arial; msolist: Ignore; msobidifontsize: 12.0pt; msobidifontstyle: italic;">f. <span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-style: italic;">appropriate format || Expository writing includes nonfiction writing that describes, explains, informs, or summarizes ideas and content. The writing supports a **thesis** based on research, observation, and/or experience. || || <span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial; msofareastfontfamily: Arial; msolist: Ignore; msobidifontsize: 12.0pt;">a. a topic sentence <span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial; msofareastfontfamily: Arial; msolist: Ignore; msobidifontsize: 12.0pt;">b. supporting details <span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial; msofareastfontfamily: Arial; msolist: Ignore; msobidifontsize: 12.0pt;">c. relevant information (See R06-S3C1-02) || <span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial; msofareastfontfamily: Arial; msolist: Ignore; msobidifontsize: 12.0pt;">a. a **thesis statement** <span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial; msofareastfontfamily: Arial; msolist: Ignore; msobidifontsize: 12.0pt;">b. supporting details introductory, body, and concluding paragraphs || Functional writing provides specific directions or information related to real-world tasks. This includes letters, memos, schedules, directories, signs, manuals, forms, recipes, and technical pieces for specific content areas. || (See R06-S3C2; M06-S2C1) || <span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial; msofareastfontfamily: Arial; msolist: Ignore; msobidifontsize: 12.0pt;">a. heading <span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial; msofareastfontfamily: Arial; msolist: Ignore; msobidifontsize: 12.0pt;">b. salutation <span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial; msofareastfontfamily: Arial; msolist: Ignore; msobidifontsize: 12.0pt;">c. body <span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial; msofareastfontfamily: Arial; msolist: Ignore; msobidifontsize: 12.0pt;">d. closing <span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial; msofareastfontfamily: Arial; msolist: Ignore; msobidifontsize: 12.0pt;">e. signature || || <span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial; msofareastfontfamily: Arial; msolist: Ignore; msobidifontsize: 12.0pt; msobidifontstyle: italic;">a. // an appropriate return address // <span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial; msofareastfontfamily: Arial; msolist: Ignore; msobidifontsize: 12.0pt; msobidifontstyle: italic;">b. // an appropriate recipient address // ||
 * // PO //// 12. Use the following parts of speech correctly in **simple sentences**: //
 * // PO //// 13. Use subject/verb agreement in **simple** and **compound sentences**. //
 * <span style="font-size: 14pt; color: #0d960d; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Strand 3: Writing Applications **
 * ** Concept 1: Expressive **
 * PO 1. Write a **narrative** that includes:
 * <span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-style: italic;">PO 2. Write in a variety of expressive forms (e.g., poetry, skit) that, according to type of writing, employ:
 * ====== **Concept 2: Expository** ======
 * // PO //// 1. Record information (e.g., observations, notes, lists, charts, map labels and legends) related to the topic. //
 * PO 2. Write a summary based on the information gathered that include(s):
 * PO 3. Write a **process essay** that includes:
 * ** Concept 3: Functional **
 * PO 1. Write a variety of functional texts (e.g., directions, recipes, procedures, **rubrics**, labels, posters, graphs/tables).
 * PO 2. Write a **friendly letter** that includes a:
 * <span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-style: italic;">PO 3. Write a **formal letter** that follows a conventional business letter format.
 * // PO //// 4. Address an envelope for correspondence that includes: //

Persuasive writing is used for the purpose of influencing the reader. The author presents an issue and expresses an opinion in order to convince an audience to agree with the opinion or to take a particular action. || <span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial; msofareastfontfamily: Arial; msolist: Ignore; msobidifontsize: 12.0pt;">a. establishes and develops a **controlling idea** <span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial; msofareastfontfamily: Arial; msolist: Ignore; msobidifontsize: 12.0pt;">b. supports arguments with detailed **evidence** <span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial; msofareastfontfamily: Arial; msolist: Ignore; msobidifontsize: 12.0pt;">c. includes **persuasive techniques** <span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial; msofareastfontfamily: Arial; msolist: Ignore; msobidifontsize: 12.0pt;">d. excludes irrelevant information <span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-style: italic;">(See R06-S3C3) || Literary response is the writer’s reaction to a literary selection. The response includes the writer’s interpretation, analysis, opinion, and/or feelings about the piece of literature and selected elements within it. || <span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial; msofareastfontfamily: Arial; msolist: Ignore; msobidifontsize: 12.0pt;">a. presents several clear ideas <span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial; msofareastfontfamily: Arial; msolist: Ignore; msobidifontsize: 12.0pt;">b. supports **inferences** and conclusions with examples from the text, personal experience, references to other works, or reference to non-print media <span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial; msofareastfontfamily: Arial; msolist: Ignore; msobidifontsize: 12.0pt;">c. relates own ideas to supporting details in a clear and logical manner <span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-style: italic;"> (See R06-S2C1) ||
 * ** Concept 4: Persuasive **
 * PO 1. Write persuasive text (e.g., essay, paragraph, written communications) that:
 * ** Concept 5: Literary Response **
 * PO 1. Write a response to literature that:

Research writing is a process in which the writer identifies a topic or question to be answered. The writer locates and evaluates information about the topic or question, and then organizes, summarizes, and synthesizes the information into a finished product. || <span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial; msofareastfontfamily: Arial; msolist: Ignore; msobidifontsize: 12.0pt;">a. paraphrasing to convey ideas and details from the source <span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial; msofareastfontfamily: Arial; msolist: Ignore; msobidifontsize: 12.0pt;">b. ** main idea ** (s) and relevant details (See R06-S3C1-05, -06, -07) || <span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial; msofareastfontfamily: Arial; msolist: Ignore; msobidifontsize: 12.0pt; msobidifontstyle: italic;">a. <span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-style: italic;">a focused topic <span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial; msofareastfontfamily: Arial; msolist: Ignore; msobidifontsize: 12.0pt; msobidifontstyle: italic;">b. <span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-style: italic;">appropriate facts and relevant details <span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial; msofareastfontfamily: Arial; msolist: Ignore; msobidifontsize: 12.0pt; msobidifontstyle: italic;">c. <span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-style: italic;">a logical sequence <span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial; msofareastfontfamily: Arial; msolist: Ignore; msobidifontsize: 12.0pt; msobidifontstyle: italic;">d. <span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-style: italic;">a concluding statement <span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial; msofareastfontfamily: Arial; msolist: Ignore; msobidifontsize: 12.0pt; msobidifontstyle: italic;">e. <span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-style: italic;">a list of sources used (See R06-S3C1-05, -06, -07) || none //Optional:// a note about this edit for the page history log
 * ** Concept 6: Research **
 * PO 1. Write a summary of information from sources (e.g. encyclopedias, websites, experts) that includes:
 * // PO //// 2. Write an informational report that includes: //

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